What Are xmlns and xmlns:x in WPF? Understanding XML Namespace Declarations

In WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation), xmlns and xmlns:x are XML namespace declarations used in XAML files. They define the scope of XML namespaces, which are used to distinguish between elements and attributes that might have the same name but are used in different contexts. xmlns : The Default XML Namespace Definition : xmlns stands for XML namespace. It is used to declare the default namespace for the elements in the XAML file. Purpose : In WPF, it typically maps to the .NET namespaces that contain the classes and controls used in WPF applications. This default namespace allows you to use the WPF controls and elements without prefixing them. Example : <Window x:Class="WpfApp.MainWindow"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    ... > <Grid>        <Button Content="Click Me"/>     </Grid> </Window> Here, xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" sets...
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What is MVVM ?

M->Model
V->View
VM->View Model

MVVM is nothing but architectural pattern used in software engineering.MVVM prescribes separating the nonvisual classes that encapsulate interaction logic, business logic and data from the visual classes that actually render things to the screen. This separation makes the code easier to maintain: first, it prevents the UI from becoming a monolithic class with display controls, interaction logic and business logic all stuffed in side by side; and second, it enables you to automate the testing of interaction logic and user interface mappings instead of relying on expensive, unreliable manual testing. It also helps to facilitate a 'lookless' view, where the visual design can be changed without changing the code.In MVVM, instead of writing C# or Visual Basic code to directly set and get properties of controls in the view, you create a view model which represents the information being presented in the view, and use data binding to keep the view and the view model in sync. 

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